Linden C. "Lindy" Johnston, P.E., Principal Technology Engineer, Spectrum Engineers, Salt Lake City

Articles

Codes and Standards January 1, 2005

Illuminating the Art of Integrating BAS and Lighting Systems

Facility owners have more options now than ever when it comes to making decisions about the integration of their lighting systems with their building automation systems. "Motion sensors, for example, can control security, HVAC and lighting," says Spectrum Engineers' Joseph M. "Jody" Good, III, LC, IESNA, IALD.

By Linden C. "Lindy" Johnston, P.E., Principal Technology Engineer, Spectrum Engineers, Salt Lake City

Codes and Standards August 1, 2004

Building Automation: A Carefully Orchestrated Symphony

Mechanical engineers have an in-depth understanding of HVAC and plumbing. Electrical engineers understand power systems. And technology engineers intimately understand technology systems. But building automation system (BAS) engineers and integrators understand how all these disparate systems operate in unison to deliver occupant comfort, energy efficiency, ease of maintenance and lower life-cy...

By Linden C. "Lindy" Johnston, P.E., Principal Technology Engineer, Spectrum Engineers, Salt Lake City

img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important;}.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em;}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*,div){margin:0;}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*,div){margin:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em;}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6;}.mejs-container:has(.plyr){height:auto;background:transparent;}.mejs-container:has(.plyr) .mejs-controls{display:none;}.h5ap_all{--shadow-color:197deg 32% 65%;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0px 0px 9.6px hsl(var(--shadow-color),.36),0 1.7px 1.9px 0px hsl(var(--shadow-color),.36),0 4.3px 1.8px -1.7px hsl(var(--shadow-color),.36),-.1px 10.6px 11.9px -2.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color),.36);margin:16px auto;}span.h5ap_single_button{background:#000;width:50px;height:50px;border-radius:50px;}span#h5ap_single_button span svg{fill:#fff !important;cursor:pointer;}span.h5ap_single_button span svg{height:25px;width:25px;}#skin_default .plyr__control,#skin_default .plyr__time{color:#4f5b5f;}#skin_default .plyr__control:hover{background:#1aafff;color:#f5f5f5;}#skin_default .plyr__controls{background:#f5f5f5;}#skin_default .plyr__controls__item input{color:#1aafff;}.plyr{--plyr-color-main:#4f5b5f;}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important;}@media screen and (max-height: 1024px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important;}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}}@media screen and (max-height: 640px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important;}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}.forty_under_fix{float:right;}.more-resources{padding:0 !important;}.more-resources li::after{content:"";float:left;width:6px;height:6px;background-color:#232323;margin:12px 10px 0px 10px;border-radius:50%;}.more-resources li:hover a{color:#0b72ba !important;}.inPage-header--lft h3{margin-top:0;padding:9px 30px 9px 15px;height:auto;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#0b72ba,#0950a4);float:left;display:inline-block;font-family:"Oswald";font-weight:400;color:white;max-width:500px;width:60%;-webkit-clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 0,92% 100%,0% 100%);clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 0,92% 100%,0% 100%);min-width:320px;}.inPage-header--rt h3{margin-top:25px;padding:9px 15px 9px 15px;height:auto;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#0b72ba,#0950a4);float:right;font-family:"Oswald";font-weight:400;color:white;max-width:500px;width:70%;min-width:360px;-webkit-clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 0,100% 100%,9% 100%);clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 0,100% 100%,9% 100%);text-align:right;}.CE-news.subscribe-newsletter a:hover{background-color:#0b72ba;color:white !important;border:none !important;}.CE-news.view-newsletter a h4:hover{color:#0b72ba !important;}.m2e{text-decoration:none;font-size:24px;font-family:"Roboto";text-align:center;display:inline-block;margin:auto;border:solid 1px #232323;padding:5px 15px;color:#232323 !important;}.m2e:hover{background-color:#232323;color:white !important;-moz-transition:all .2s ease-in;-o-transition:all .2s ease-in;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease-in;transition:all .2s ease-in;}@media screen and (max-width:991px){.giants-img--container,.giants-text{width:100% !important;margin:15px !important;}.audience-connect{width:50% !important;}.audience-connect h4{font-size:24px;}.audience-connect img{max-width:180px;}}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.subscribe-newsletter,.view-newsletter{width:100% !important;float:left;}}@media screen and (max-width: 600px){.more-resources li a{margin-bottom:10px !important;}.more-resources li::after{content:"";float:left;width:4px;height:4px !important;background-color:#232323;margin:12px 5px 0px 5px !important;border-radius:50%;}.more-resources{display:block !important;}.more-resources li::after{display:none;}.more-resources li{width:100%;display:block !important;}}@media screen and (max-width:531px){.audience-main{width:260px;display:block;margin:auto;}.audience-numbers{float:none !important;width:260px !important;display:block;margin:auto !important;}.reg-divs{width:100% !important;float:left;}}.personalization{width:300px;border-top:3px solid #971317;padding-top:4px;border-bottom:3px solid #971317;}.personalization .img{border-top:1px solid #971317;width:100%;padding-top:15px;}.personalization img{max-width:275px;width:100%;margin:auto;display:block;}.personalization .intro-text{text-align:center;margin:15px 40px;}.personalization .object-title{font-size:24px;font-family:"Playfair Display";text-align:center;margin:20px 20px 30px 20px;color:#971317;font-weight:500;}.personalization .reminder-text{font-family:"Roboto";font-size:12px;text-align:center;margin-top:15px;color:#971317;font-style:italic;}.personalization .cta-btn{width:125px;background-color:#971317;padding:15px 10px;text-align:center;color:white;border-radius:5px;margin:15px auto;margin-bottom:30px;}.personalization .cta-btn a{text-align:center;color:white;}.per_526{min-width:100%;padding:0 !important;}.personalization-two{width:300px;border-top:3px solid #971317;padding-top:4px;border-bottom:3px solid #0b72ba;}.personalization-two .intro-text{text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #971317;padding-top:15px;}.personalization-two .object-title{font-size:24px;font-family:"Playfair Display";text-align:center;margin:20px 20px 30px 20px;color:#971317;font-weight:500;}.personalization-two .reminder-text{font-family:"Roboto";font-size:12px;text-align:center;margin-top:15px;color:#971317;font-style:italic;}.personalization-two .cta-btn{width:125px;background-color:#971317;padding:15px 10px;text-align:center;color:white;border-radius:5px;margin:15px auto;margin-bottom:30px;}.personalization-two .cta-btn a{text-align:center;color:white;}.no-frame{border:none !important;}#personalization-top iframe{display:block;margin:auto;}#olyticsPopup{bottom:10px;top:unset !important;}#olyticsModal{background-color:transparent !important;box-shadow:none !important;}.olyticsmodal{padding:none !important;}.olyticsmodal{padding:0 !important;}#metered{border:none !important;}@media screen and (max-width:768px){#metered{width:100% !important;height:375px !important;}}.personalization-alert{background-color:white;color:#971317 !important;}.personalization-alert-link{color:#971317 !important;border:1px solid #971317;}.flex-container{display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:space-around;}@media screen and (max-width: 768px){.main-left{min-width:auto !important;}}@media screen and (max-width: 669px){.audience-wrapper{width:100% !important;}}.bottom-dot{border-bottom:2px dotted #999;margin-bottom:25px;padding-bottom:25px;}.hexagon img{float:left;height:115px;width:119px;}.hexagon{width:120px;float:left;}.statistics{width:calc(100% - 120px);float:left;margin-left:-10px;}.audience-wrapper{width:33.333%;float:left;min-width:210px;max-width:257.33px;}.audience,.audience-bottom{width:100%;float:left;}.audience-bottom .statistics{margin-left:0px;margin-right:-8px;}.audience-bottom .bottom{margin-left:15px;}.audience-bottom .top{height:69px;}.statistics div{float:left;width:100%;}.audience-bottom{margin-top:-108px;margin-left:19px;height:115px;}.audience-bottom .statistics p{text-align:left;margin-top:-10px;}.audience-bottom .hexagon,.audience-bottom .statistics{float:right !important;}.statistics p{font-size:11px;font-family:"Roboto";font-weight:400;float:left;text-align:right;width:100%;margin:0 0 5px 0;}.top{height:25px;}.bottom{height:16px;background-color:white;}.hex-border{height:2px;}.vac-data{position:relative;left:0px;width:115px;text-align:center;top:-80px;}.data,.label{margin:0px;font-family:"Roboto";font-weight:400;}.data{font-size:20px;margin-top:20px;}.label{font-size:15px;}.left .audience p{color:#043e65;}.left .audience-bottom p{color:#4a97cc;}.middle .audience p{color:#0766a9;}.middle .audience-bottom p{color:#6fc1ef;}.right .audience p{color:#065287;}.right .audience-bottom p{color:#4a97cc;}.left .audience .hex-border{background-color:#043e65;}.left .audience-bottom .hex-border{background-color:#4a97cc;}.middle .audience .hex-border{background-color:#0766a9;}.middle .audience-bottom .hex-border{background-color:#6fc1ef;}.right .audience .hex-border{background-color:#065287;}.right .audience-bottom .hex-border{background-color:#4a97cc;}.middle,.right{margin-left:-7px;}.no-marg{margin:0 !important;}.reg-divs p{display:none;}.inPage-header--lft{float:left;width:100%;}.inPage-header--rt{float:right;width:100%;}.more-resources li a::after{float:left;width:6px;height:6px;background-color:#232323;}#olyticsPopup{bottom:140px !important;background-color:transparent !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;max-width:none !important;left:-10px;}.shadowBox{-webkit-box-shadow:0px 0px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.75);-moz-box-shadow:0px 0px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.75);box-shadow:0px 0px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.75);}.olyticsBandBR{position:absolute;right:34px;top:50px;height:36px;z-index:305;opacity:0;cursor:pointer;}.learn-obj ul{list-style:none;}.learn-obj li::before{content:"•";font-size:18px;margin-right:5px;line-height:1.3;}.per_712 .close-olyticsmodal,.per_723 .close-olyticsmodal.per_725 .close-olyticsmodal .per_726 .close-olyticsmodal.per_727 .close-olyticsmodal.per_728 .close-olyticsmodal.per_729 .close-olyticsmodal.per_730 .close-olyticsmodal.per_731 .close-olyticsmodal.per_732 .close-olyticsmodal.per_733 .close-olyticsmodal .per_734 .close-olyticsmodal .per_735 .close-olyticsmodal{z-index:3000 !important;top:4px !important;right:-243px !important;height:40px !important;width:40px !important;background-color:black;opacity:0 !important;}.inline-me{display:inline-block !important;}.contribute-link-container{font-size:12px;font-style:italic;margin-top:15px;display:block;float:left;padding-top:25px;border-top:1px #e4e4e4 solid;}.singlePost__content img{display:block;max-width:100% !important;height:auto;margin:auto;}.contribute-link-container,#breadcrumbs,.singlePost__content p,.authorInfo__bio,.wp-caption-text,.singlePost__author{font-size:16px !important;}@media screen and (max-width:991px){.postCard__author{display:none;}}@media screen and (max-width: 991px){#breadcrumbs li span,#breadcrumbs li{line-height:42px;}.relatedArticles__list li{line-height:2.4;}}.authorInfo{border-top:1px #e4e4e4 solid;border-bottom:1px #e4e4e4 solid;}.authorInfo__avatar,.authorInfo__content{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;}.authorInfo__avatar{width:100px;height:100px;}.authorInfo__avatar img{object-fit:cover;width:100px;height:100px;object-position:top;}.authorInfo__content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.authorInfo__name a{color:#232323;text-decoration:none;font-family:"Roboto",sans-serif;}.singlePost__author a:hover,.authorInfo__name a:hover{color:#0b72ba;text-decoration:underline;}.author__page .authorInfo__avatar{margin:25px auto;}.author__page h1,.author__page p{text-align:center;}.author__page li{list-style:none;height:20px;width:20px;margin:10px;}.author-social{display:flex;justify-content:center;height:60px;margin-bottom:0;}.author-social ul{display:flex;margin:0;padding:0;}.author-social ul li:hover svg{fill:#0b72ba;}.author__page h3{font-weight:300;border-top:1px solid #232323;padding-top:15px;}.author__page .postCard__media,.author__page .postCard__author{display:none;}.author__page .all-articles{text-align:center;padding-bottom:25px;}.author__page .postCard__excerpt{text-align:left;}.author__page .view-all-author{padding:10px 25px;border:1px solid #232323;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:#232323;}.author__page .view-all-author:hover{padding:10px 25px;border:1px solid #0b72ba;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:#0b72ba;}.author__page .postCard__content{border:none;}.page-id-32052 .singlePost__title{display:none;}.nosell{font-family:"Roboto","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"sans-serif";font-weight:300;text-align:center;}.yas5{position:relative;margin:30px auto;display:block;width:305px;height:277px;}.yas5 .All{position:absolute;background:white;width:100%;height:100%;}.yas5 .svgWrapper{position:absolute;position:absolute;width:305px;height:277px;top:0px;left:0px;}.yas5 .tickC{position:absolute;fill:none;stroke:#0b72ba;stroke-width:5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:304;stroke-dashoffset:0;animation-name:yatickC0;animation-duration:490ms;animation-delay:1368ms;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94);animation-fill-mode:both;}@keyframes yatickC0{0%{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1);stroke-dashoffset:304;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;stroke-dashoffset:0;}}.yas5 .tick-B{position:absolute;fill:none;stroke:aquamarine;stroke-width:5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:304;stroke-dashoffset:0;animation-name:yatick-B0;animation-duration:492ms;animation-delay:1237ms;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94);animation-fill-mode:both;}@keyframes yatick-B0{0%{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1);stroke-dashoffset:304;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;stroke-dashoffset:0;}}.yas5 .tick-gray{position:absolute;fill:none;stroke:#ececec;stroke-width:5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:304;stroke-dashoffset:0;animation-name:yatick-gray0;animation-duration:476ms;animation-delay:1037ms;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94);animation-fill-mode:both;}@keyframes yatick-gray0{0%{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1);stroke-dashoffset:304;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;stroke-dashoffset:0;}}.yas5 .circleDarkBlue{position:absolute;fill:none;stroke:#0b72ba;stroke-width:5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;transform-origin:138px 138px;stroke-dasharray:675;animation-name:yacircleDarkBlue0,yacircleDarkBlue1;animation-duration:1017ms,1029ms;animation-delay:570ms,578ms;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94),cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94);animation-fill-mode:both,both;}@keyframes yacircleDarkBlue0{0%{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1);transform:rotate(-180deg);}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;transform:rotate(0deg);}}@keyframes yacircleDarkBlue1{0%{animation-timing-function:ease-in-out;stroke-dashoffset:-675;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;stroke-dashoffset:0;}}.yas5 .circleLightBlue{position:absolute;fill:none;stroke:aquamarine;stroke-width:5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;transform-origin:138px 138px;stroke-dasharray:675;animation-name:yacircleLightBlue0,yacircleLightBlue1;animation-duration:1017ms,1029ms;animation-delay:359ms,357ms;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94),cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94);animation-fill-mode:both,both;}@keyframes yacircleLightBlue0{0%{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1);transform:rotate(-180deg);}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;transform:rotate(0deg);}}@keyframes yacircleLightBlue1{0%{animation-timing-function:ease-out;stroke-dashoffset:-675;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;stroke-dashoffset:0;}}.yas5 .circleGray{position:absolute;fill:none;stroke:#ececec;stroke-width:5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;transform-origin:138px 138px;stroke-dasharray:675;animation-name:yacircleGray0,yacircleGray1;animation-duration:1017ms,1029ms;animation-delay:128ms,128ms;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94),cubic-bezier(.25,.46,.45,.94);animation-fill-mode:both,both;}@keyframes yacircleGray0{0%{animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1);transform:rotate(-180deg);}#olyticsModal.per_771{max-width:unset;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;transform:rotate(0deg);}}@keyframes yacircleGray1{0%{animation-timing-function:ease-in-out;stroke-dashoffset:-675;}100%{animation-timing-function:linear;stroke-dashoffset:0;}}.bcs-caption-image img{max-width:128px !important;max-height:80px !important;margin-right:10px !important;padding-top:2px !important;}#olyticsModal.per_780{background:transparent !important;max-width:unset;}#olyticsModal.per_780 iframe{box-shadow:none !important;}#olyticsModal.per_780 a.close-olyticsmodal{top:48.5px !important;right:99.5px !important;display:block;width:36px !important;height:36px !important;opacity:0;}.single-ebook .frame__primary{display:flex;flex-direction:row;}.ebook_content{max-width:55%;margin-right:50px;}#gform_wrapper_1{padding:30px;background-color:#e3e3e3;margin-top:25px;border-top-right-radius:75px;}@media screen and (max-width: 1024px){.ebook_content,.ebook_form{min-width:100% !important;max-width:unset !important;margin-right:0px;}.single-ebook .frame__primary{display:block !important;}}.ebook_content .magazineEditionList::before{content:"Sponsored By:";display:block;float:left;width:100%;height:15px;color:black;text-align:left;font-weight:300;font-size:16px;line-height:1.3;font-family:"Roboto",sans-serif;margin-bottom:15px;}.ebook_content .magazineEditionList{margin-top:50px;display:block;float:left;width:100%;}.ebook_content .magazineEditionList a{border:none;padding:0;display:block;float:left;margin:0 15px 15px 0;}.ebook_content .magazineEditionList a span{width:100%;height:auto;padding:0 !important;border:none;display:block;float:left;}.magazineEdition__image img{padding-right:20px;max-height:40px;}#field_1_34::after{content:"State/Province";font-size:13px;padding-top:10px;display:block;color:#585e6a;}#input_1_30_3_container{inline-size:100%;}.ebook_content .divider,.ebook_content .sectionHeading{display:none;}body .gform_wrapper .gform_body .gform_fields .gfield select{color:#112337;cursor:pointer !important;}.ebook_content p,.ebook_content li{font-size:14px !important;}.ebook_form select::placeholder{color:red !important;}.ebook_form{margin-top:50px;}.ebook_form input#gform_submit_button_1{width:100%;}.ebook_form input#gform_submit_button_1{background:linear-gradient(227deg,#0b72ba,#14cbb0);background-size:400% 400%;-webkit-animation:AnimationName 30s ease infinite;animation:AnimationName 10s ease infinite;}@-webkit-keyframes AnimationName{0%{background-position:0% 97%;}50%{background-position:100% 4%;}100%{background-position:0% 97%;}}@keyframes AnimationName{0%{background-position:0% 97%;}50%{background-position:100% 4%;}100%{background-position:0% 97%;}}.single-ebook .frame__primary.no-gravity{display:flex;flex-direction:column;}.terms{font-size:9px;color:#666;font-style:italic;}.terms a{font-size:9px;color:#666 !important;font-style:italic;}