Case study: HVAC system conversion includes remote monitoring
A government facility’s HVAC system was overhauled to make it more efficient and cost-effective.
An 80,000-sq-ft, 5-story government building with a basement had undergone one complete renovation, and several smaller upgrades since it was originally constructed in 1917. The early major renovation installed one multi-zone (MZ), constant volume air handling unit (AHU) on each floor, including the basement. Each individual AHU (six total) had two exterior and one interior zone per floor. Each of three zone duct runs had a hot water reheat coil installed and located within the corresponding mechanical rooms.
These six AHUs were identified as Texas multi-zone (MZ) units (see Figure 5 and “AHUs in HVAC system design configurations”). Zone occupant control design included a few retrofitted single-duct variable air volume (VAV) boxes (SDBs), but mostly parallel fan-powered variable air volume (FPVAV) boxes with no additional reheat.
Photo 3: An old Texas multi-zone (MZ) system illustrating the MZ damper actuators and hot water piping routed to one reheat coil in the ductwork above (upper right). Courtesy: Stanley Consultants Inc.[/caption]
OA was drawn from louvers located on the one side of the building overlooking and alley, which allowed parking and contained a loading dock, and along a busy street in front of the building. The original system was designed with the intent to allow for 100% economizer mode for free cooling, under the proper OA conditions, with the excess air being relieved using return/relief fans out of a chase adjacent to the mechanical rooms.
Several of the relief fans were not working. Many of the system’s MZ dampers as well as the economizer controls had been disconnected and/or were not used for years. and needed to be replaced along with a complete modification to both the controls (direct digital controls, or DDC), and sequences of operation.
After completing a validation and feasibility study and cost estimate, a design was developed to address the identified deficiencies of the HVAC systems. The recommended HVAC systems included miscellaneous remedial upgrades to maintain appropriate ventilation along with the proper air conditioning requirements for each zone’s common spaces and offices.
Figure 8: A schematic illustrates a parallel fan powered variable air volume (VAV) box that would be found in an HVAC system’s exterior zones. Courtesy: Stanley Consultants Inc.[/caption]
The upgrades included replacing all the AHUs with new cooling only VAV AHUs serving two or three zones each and, supplemented with new VAV boxes, both single-duct and fan-powered VAV boxes with hot water reheat for occupant comfort. Along with new ductwork and a complete electrical and DDC upgrades to make the systems fully functional, everything began to be remotely monitored and controlled from the central utility energy management system. Figures 7 and 8 are schematics of single-duct variable air volume (VAV) boxes and fan power boxes (FPB) that would be connected to HVAC zones as indicated in Figure 9.
Photo 2: A multi-zone (2 zones) cooling-only air handling unit (AHU) that serves fan power boxes (FPB) variable air volume (VAV) boxes with hot water reheat coils. Courtesy: Stanley Consultants Inc.[/caption]
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